Solar
system or solar is the name given usually on the planetary system,
which consists of the sun and all what is going on around objects
including the Earth and other planets. The
solar system also includes other smaller objects Stern are dwarf
planets, asteroids and meteorites and comets, in addition to the thin
cloud of gas and dust known as in planetary Albin areas. There
are also consequences of planets called satellites, which number more
than 150 known moon in the solar system, most of which revolve around
the gas giants. But
the biggest crime in the solar system and the most important of these
celestial course is the sun, the star is located in the center of the
system and links بجاذبيته, Victltha reach 99.8% of the mass of the
entire system, as it is that radiate light and heat who makes life on
Earth possible, a nevertheless not only a medium-sized star. After
the sun comes planets, where there are in the solar system eight
planets are in order of distance from the sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth and
Mars rocky planets, Jupiter and Saturn, Uranus and Neptune (gas
giants).
There
are many solar system bodies that can be seen with the naked eye is the
sun and the moon, and planets these objects are Mercury, Venus, Mars,
Jupiter and Saturn, and sometimes the brightest asteroids [] and comets
passing also, in addition to meteorites, where can be seen when entering
the earth's atmosphere and burn composed meteors. And of course you can see much more than that of the solar system bodies using the telescope.
Most
astronomers now believe that the solar system was born 4.6 billion
years ago from a huge cloud of gas and dust known solar بالسديم. According
to this theory, this nebula began to collapse on itself as a result of
his appeal that he could not compress the internal resistance. Has attracted most of the solar nebula material to the epicenter, where the sun formed therein. It
is believed that small particles which remained of accumulated material
with wedding-cake then made up larger and larger objects, until it
turned into the eight planets, and what is left of them turned into
moons, asteroids and comets.
Discovery and Exploration
For many thousands of years, humans and did not distinguish a solar system (with a few exceptions). Humans
thought that the earth is fixed and form the center of the universe,
and completely different from the moving objects in the sky. Although the Greek philosopher Erstrkhos Samos believed that the sun constitutes the center of the universe. Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to develop a mathematical model on the heliocentric solar system. His
successor in the seventeenth century Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton
and Johannes Kepler in the development of physics concepts that led to
the gradual acceptance of the rotation of the Earth around the sun, and
that the planets are going to the same physical, fast moving ground. Possible
development of telescopes and space probes recently discovered
geological features such as mountains, impact craters and meteorological
phenomena quarterly Kalgiyum and sandstorms and ice caps on planets
other than Earth.
The structure of the solar system
Constitute
the sun key element in the solar system, a star belongs to the stellar
classification G2, and constitute the mass of the sun 99.86 of the mass
of all the solar system and controls the movement of the group due to
its attractiveness. Form a mass four gaseous planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) about 99% of the remaining mass of the solar system. The Jupiter and Saturn more than 90% of the mass of the four gas giants.
Most large objects orbiting the sun positioned at ground level, which is called the path of the sun. Planets
very close to the path of the sun, while comets and belt Keiber objects
tends to be positioned in the corners of a much larger path of the sun.
Spin
all the planets and most of the objects around the sun with the
direction of the rotation of the sun on the same (counterclockwise
direction if we've seen over the Arctic to the sun), but there are some
exceptions, such as Halley's Comet. Also
all the planets (except Venus and Uranus) spun around itself a
counterclockwise direction if what we've seen from the North Pole. Spin Venus and Uranus clockwise. There is also a dwarf planets have different spindle rotation just like Pluto.
Shows
the general shape of the solar system as follows: in the center located
the sun revolves around the four inner planets are relatively small,
these planets surrounded by a belt of asteroids, Talhm four gas giants
in turn surrounded by a belt Keiber author of icy objects. Divides
astronomers sometimes the solar system according to the structure into
two main sections: the inner solar system consisting of four rocky
planets and the asteroid belt, and the outer solar system, which
consists of objects located behind the asteroid belt, including the four
gas giants. Since
the discovery of belt Keiber the outermost part of the solar system is a
unique area and stationed there Bodies called Bagram beyond Neptune.Madart solar system objects according to scale (clockwise from top left)
Madart solar system objects according to scale (clockwise from top left)
Kepler's laws to describe the movement of the planets celestial rotation around the sun. And
according to the laws of Kepler spin all solar system bodies around the
sun in orbits in the form of an ellipse and operates the sun one
Bartah. Planets orbit closest to the sun at higher speeds due influenced by the attractiveness of the sun. Different celestial distance moving on the path of an ellipse from the sun all year round. Called
the point where the offense is closer what can sun Balhouded, while
called the point where the offense is far away from sun Balawj. Be
planets orbit close to the ring, while comets orbit and Kepler belt
objects in the form of an ellipse sharp (the main difference between the
two axes very large and small).
Because
of the breadth group many celestial orbits about the sun suit after
this celestial orbit for the next offense with some exceptions. And
therefore the offense is the farthest distance from the sun located in
Keiber belt represents the farthest distance between him and the offense
for which preceded the solar system. For
example Venus is just 0.33 astronomical units from Venus while Saturn
away from Jupiter distance of 4.3 astronomical units Uranus and Neptune
10.5 astronomical units. Attempts
have been made to find a mathematical relationship between these
distances to try to explain this phenomenon (such as the law of Titus -
iPod), but did not result in any theory to explain it.
Owns most of the planets in the solar system its own secondary. So that it spins around other objects called natural satellites, or aftershocks. There Qumran larger than Mercury (the smallest planets of the solar system). As planets surrounded by gaseous planetary rings, which are bundles of small particles orbiting the planet. Most large satellites orbiting planet in the synchronous movement so that faces one side of the Moon planet permanently.
Composed
the rules of procedure of the objects mainly rock, and be all of these
compounds composed of elements with high melting point such as silica
and iron Oalnichael, so that it stays solid in all the circumstances of
initial planetary nebula. Composed
of Saturn and Jupiter are mainly of gas, which owns a very low melting
point and high evaporation pressure such as molecular hydrogen and
helium and neon so that it stays in the gaseous state always during
nebular conformation. Owns
the ice like water ice and methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and
carbon dioxide boiling point less than one hundred Kelvin. Phase depends where you are on the pressure and ambient temperature. Can
be found these compounds solid or liquid-phase or ice in several
regions of the solar system, while she was in the gaseous or solid
during the nebula phase. . Constitute
the primary composite ice vehicles to gaseous planets moons in addition
to that most of Uranus and Neptune is composed of ice, so the claim
giant ice, as well as huge numbers of objects which are located behind
the orbit of Neptune. Referred to as ice and gas composition Palmttaar.
Morphology and evolution
The
solar system was formed as a result of the collapse in the
attractiveness of a giant molecular cloud 4.568 billion years ago. It is
likely that these initial cloud crossed many light-years away and it is
possible that it contributed to the birth of many stars.
Know
the area where you started form the solar the initial sun Bsudaim, when
the collapse maintained angular momentum making it spin faster. Gathered
most of the mass in the center and the center temperature increased so
that the top of the perimeter disk. [14] and the less haze increased
circulation even began to flatten in the form of planetary disk rotor
diameter of 200 astronomical units almost remains the star's initial
warm in the center. Believed that the sun at this stage was a star T-bull. Studies
show about stars T bull they are associated with a disk of planet
initial mass materials ranging from 0.001 to 0.1 of the mass of the sun,
and this shows that the majority of Knlh haze remained in the star
itself. The result of the growing planets this disk.
Within
50 million years, the pressure and density of hydrogen in the heart of
the star's initial large enough to start nuclear fusion reactions. Increased
both the temperature and the reaction rate, pressure, and density even
reached the point of hydrostatic equilibrium, so that the thermal energy
counteract the force of gravity to become a sun tracking at this stage
for pattern classification.
Keep the sun that we know today even begin to evolve from basic layout according Tsneev rated Hrtzhbrung - Russell. After
draining the sun and hydrogen fuel surface power output will tend to
decrease, causing its Tvsha downturn, Mmiada increased pressure and
temperature in the core of the sun, and as a result become the burning
process faster and increase their brightness by 10% every 1.1 billion
years.
After
about 5.4 billion years from now, will turn in the heart of the nucleus
of hydrogen to helium sun to finish basic layout stage hydrogen When
expire interactions has. Shrink
the nucleus more, causing an increase in pressure and temperature,
causing nuclear reactions of helium, which is burning in the nucleus at a
higher temperature. To become a thermal output of the sun much more than it was in the basic layout stage. At this time, expands the outer layer of the sun about 260 times the diameter of the primary, to become a red giant sun. Due
to the significant increase in the surface area, the surface
temperature of the sun much less than it was at the stage of basic
layout (a minimum of 2600 Kelvin).
Finally,
Istnvz quickly Alheilom in the nucleus much faster than was draining
hydrogen, so that the helium burning phase represents a fraction of the
time the hydrogen burning phase. As
the sun is large enough to burn elements heavier than helium, shrinking
the nuclear reaction in the heart of the sun, and infiltrates the outer
layer away in space to keep the sun Kgazzm white high density. The
sun remains about half the original mass, but the size equivalent to
the size of Earth leaked classes, the hot planetary nebula, returning
some of the material that formed the sun between materials asterisk.
Sun
is a star of the solar system, which is the main component and the
largest bloc in the group (of mass about 332.900 of Earth's mass)
density and heat produced in the heart of the nucleus sun enough for the
survival of nuclear reactions, which frees large amounts of energy
greatest in the form of radiant energy to outer space such as radiation Alkahromagnatisahotsal peak of about 400 - to -700 nm This package is called visible light.
Classified
sun Kgazzm yellow type G2, but this name is misleading compared to the
rest of the stars in our galaxy, where the sun larger and brighter. Star
classified according rated Hrtzhbrung - Russell, so This categorization
Batmd on representation of the stars on a chart according to shine
because of its surface temperature. Generally be the stars with the highest temperature brighter. Called the stars who follow this category as a basic star pattern. Sun located in the right of the middle of this scheme. Anyway stars hotter and brighter than the sun are rare. While called the stars faded and colder red بقزم, which is most common in the galaxy and make up about 85% of our galaxy.
Believed
that the sun deposited within the basic layout is in the prime of life
because they have not exhausted its hydrogen fuel in nuclear fusion, The
older sun, it will grow brighter, early in its history had a brightness
equivalent to 70% of the current brightness.
The
sun star is rich in minerals, was born in the late stage of the
evolution of the universe, to contain elements heavier than hydrogen and
helium of the oldest stars. Shaped elements heavier than hydrogen and helium in the nucleus of the earliest stars and explosive. The first generation of these stars had died before they could enrich the universe with these elements. Believed
that the mineral-rich composition of the sun played an important role
in the formation of the solar system due to be planets of metal overlay.
Between the interplanetary medium
Radiate the sun along the light charged Gesammelt known as the solar wind. Spreading
particles stream outward at 1.5 million kilometers per hour
approximately, forming a thin casing penetrates outside Alntam sun for
100 astronomical units, at least.] Knew this is center-aligned planets. Prejudice
storms Djiumgnatisah such as solar flares and coronal mass ejection in
the heliosphere and give rise to what is known as space weathering. The
larger structure of the heliosphere is periodic stream heliosphere is
shaped spiral arise as a result of the interaction between the solar
magnetic field rotation in the middle between planetary.
Keeps the Earth's magnetic field on the atmosphere of impunity from the circumference of the earth with wind Achammsh. As a result there is no magnetic field of Mars and Venus, the air Glafhma سيفلت gradually with the solar wind. Coronal
mass ejection and similar events, blowing with the magnetic field
loaded with huge quantities of particles from the surface of the sun. Reacts
this magnetic field and particles with the Earth's magnetic field in
the upper layers of the atmosphere, and this results in the Twilight
phenomenon that appear near poles Amonatisien.
Cosmic
rays originate outside the solar system, and is the heliosphere shield
against these rays, as are the magnetic fields of the planets (which has
a magnetic field) partial protection. Change
the intensity of cosmic rays in the middle between the stars and the
solar magnetic field intensity during a very long time, so the quantity
of cosmic rays in the solar system varies over time, but the qualitative
and quantitative unknown.
The middle ground between planetary home to at least two disc-like cosmic dust. The first is the dust cloud zodiac positioned in the inner solar system and cause the light of the zodiac. It probably originated because of a collision in the asteroid belt. The second is extended from 10 to 40 astronomical units, and often they originated because of a collision within belt Keiber.
Solar system objectsJupiter, a gas giant and the largest known planet in the solar system.
In
2006, following the crisis Pluto redefined for all types of objects in
the solar system by the International Astronomical Union. Has been divided into three main types: planets, dwarf planets and small solar system bodies. But there is one exception of this new tariffs and particles of solar system bodies, the satellites or disciples. Since
the satellites are not classified within this species, because no
difference in their physical properties, if they own separate orbits
would have been classified into three types. It
was within these decisions clearly define finally for all types of
objects in the solar system, so as to avoid future disputes about
classification bodies such as what happened with Pluto and other dwarf
planets.
Planets
Known as the International Astronomical Union planet in the solar system as a celestial body:
1. Have orbits around the sun.
2. Have mass - or rather attractive - enough to create a hydrostatic balance is able to make its spherical form or aspheric.
3. Have sufficient gravity to clean the orbit of celestial neighbors.
The disciples are excluded from this definition as mentioned earlier. And
celestial investigating these conditions in the solar system are:
Mercury - Venus - Earth - Mars (rocky planets), and the buyer - Saturn -
Uranus - Neptune (gas giants). [] While Pluto and a few objects other
failed to achieve the latter requirement, Victlh Pluto is only equivalent to 0.07 of the mass of other objects in orbit. For comparison, the Earth's mass equivalent to 1.7 million times the remaining mass in orbit.wind
Did you know that the moon away from earth 2 cm every year
