Comets heavenly

 

Installation of the comet
Comet nucleus
Areola and tail
Relationship comets meteor showers 
Ranking comets
Short period comets
Comets per visit
The end of the age of the comet
Comet crash



More recently I think many people that comets ominous or reference to an event bad is about to happen, did not know humans mechanism movement of objects in the sky, so Watching guilty must and that was causing concern, and there are many historical records and works of art, which records the appearance of comets and linking them horribly afflicted with events such as wars or revolutions.
With the advance of science, we know that these comets are only blocks of ice and dust that cross the center of the solar system periodically from somewhere in its foreign, and some comets repeat visits, and when approaching comets enough from the sun, starts the sun's heat in the fumigation of comets, making it visible thanks to the dust produced by the evaporation process and tail gas that sometimes the millions of kilometers long.
Outside the solar system, or away from the sun keeps comets in the frozen state of being far from the influence of temperature, so the vision of the earth be very difficult or impossible because of the small size. Although the existence of the Hubble telescope has been counting the number of nuclei of comets inert belt Ciobr, but these statistics did not confirm independently for many of them to now.

Between 1985-1986 visited the ghetto Giotto spacecraft famous comet Halley in the last visit to Halle to the inner solar system, in 1994 became guilty Schoomaker Levy limited buyer appeal and crash landed in the buyer.

In 1996 and 1997 we saw the comet Hiakotak Hyakutake comet Hale Bob Hal-Bopp, comet Hale was Bob one of the brightest comets seen from Earth, guilty Lehner Linear discovered in 1999 and closer to the sun in July 2000. Stardust Stardust spacecraft traced this comet in January 2004 and collected samples of the comet to return to Earth.

The latest mission of comets is Rosetta Rosetta will land on the surface of the comet called Tharimov - Gerasmenko Churyumov Gerasimenko.


Installation of the comet

Comet consists of two parts the central nucleus, the part and is surrounded by a cloud or halo of dust and gas, as well as a long tail also of gas and dust.



Comet nucleus

Is the central part of the main guilty, a solid part of it, consists of a special type of dust called the dust wool, because it can be lightweight and full of holes like a sponge, and slots sponge these are filled with snow mostly of water and carbon dioxide (dry ice) and carbon monoxide.

Provided study nucleus both comet Hale Bob comet Hikotic scientists with new ideas about the structure and evolution of the comet, but they still do not know Is the nucleus very solid, such as the solid ground or soft and breakable like a snowball, we hope that gives us an important Rosetta coming and landing on the comet's surface information to detect how the hardness


When approaching any guilty from the sun, begins by evaporation and the formation of cloud and a tail surprisingly, describes the captured image of comets that evaporation may occur only in certain places in the nucleus, and these stains from evaporation calls "jet", Halley's comet has three jets distinct on its surface when approachedfrom the sun in 1986.






Areola and tail

Upon entering the inner solar system comet, causing solar radiation steaming light materials that it contains comet and graduating outside the nucleus, and are laden with dust. This dust and gas that surrounds the comet spreads around dramatically causing formed atmosphere is very weak on the comet called halo or cloud, the power that lies on the Cloud (corona) of the radiation pressure and solar wind Zbban in the long tail and huge, which is extended behind the comet and away from the sun.


When the passage of the comet through the inner solar system caused the sun to shine both the aura and the comet tail and becomes easily visible from the ground, as the dust reflects sunlight directly and gases glow because of ionization


May be more comets are very weak and does not see with the naked eye and need in this case to help telescope to be able to see them, but in some cases may appear guilty when closer orbit or greater in size and become a bright enough to see with the naked eye, or may be exposed comet to burst huge and sudden cause an increase in the size of the halo temporarily during which we can view it easily, as happened with the comet Holmes Holmes in 2007.


Relationship comets meteor showers
Leave the comet impact through passage within the solar system as a result of the scattering of dust through the tail, and if passed by the comet's orbit the earth, in that case there will be showers of dust attracted by the Earth during the passage of that sector. Such as Gemini Orion meteor that occur in October each year and origins of Halley's comet.


Ranking comets
Most comets have elliptical orbits, which takes them in a part of مدارهم close to the sun, comets are classified in most cases, according to the length of their terms is tropical, where the longest period whenever elongate orbit more Alahljugi.


Short period comets
It comets have periods orbital less than 200 years, and trapped in orbits in the same direction as the planets, stretching orbits of those comets to the outer planets (Jupiter and beyond), such as Halley's comet, which takes orbit keeps him a little bit after round Neptune, and guilty Enki Encke, which him over not far from the buyer.


The short period comets is divided into two parts: -


    - Family Buyer: which have periods of less than 20 years.

    - Halley family: her periods of between 20 and 200 years.


Long period comets
It comets associated with the gravitational force of the sun, but has a very eccentric orbits, their periods range from 200 years to thousands or millions of years. The Mdarathm usually far beyond the orbit of the outer planets.


Comets per visit
They are similar to long-period comets, but his ellipse when it enters orbit in the inner solar system. May affect attraction of one of the giant planets in change Mdarathm, and when you go out to the outer solar system are very elliptical Mdarathm take them behind the Oort cloud Oort Cloud.
It is possible for comets with orbits Alahljugih sharp return to the solar system for some periods tropical only, and may extend those periods to hundreds of thousands or millions of years before the start of those comets in making its way out of the field of the sun magnetic when intervention in the region unstable from the magnetic field. The area is known to attract the sun has a maximum limit and unstable, a 230,000 astronomical units - 3.6 light years -.


The end of the age of the comet
What distinguishes the buyer and family comets long period comets they follow different laws in vanishing, in comets family buyer comets are active during her lifetime, which may extend to about 10,000 years ago, while long period comets fade much faster. At the end of the age of the offender be most light material in the nucleus have evaporated, and the comet becomes dormant dark mass of rock or debris, which can be likened to an asteroid.


Disintegration of the comet

May be comets may cause accidents in the disintegration of the comet into parts, and is caused by the disintegration of the comet to gravitational force, whether from the sun or from a large planet, The Ihdz result explosion of light material or may be for other reasons not clear to us yet.

An example of this is what happened to guilty Hoasman - and Watchman 3B 73 Schwassmann Wachmann3 in 1995.

Comet crash

May receive some comets different destiny, a collision and crash, but fall into the sun, or collision with a planet or other body.
Those collisions between comets and planets or moons were a common feature at the beginning of the solar system, we find many of the craters on the moon's surface, some may be a result of crash comets fell on its surface, and a recent example saw the world when colliding comet Schumacher Levy 9 years
 
  1994 with Jupiter, then happened to him break into several parts before they collide with Jupiter and crashing